Programming today is the race between software engineers building bigger and better idiot proof programs, and the universe producing bigger and better idiots. The solution is to separate the networks into a number of sub-nets (or collision domains) by use of network switches. As you can see, if there any many nodes on the network, the ammount of potential collisions will be greater and therefore the data throughput and updates time will suffer. This continues until all the data packets have been transferred. In this case, the collision is detected and the affected notes will backoff and retransmit at a later time after a random delay. If the acknowledgment is not received within the timeout interval (known as the retransmission timeout or RTO), the sender retransmits the packet. This can (and does) lead to data collisions between other nodes that also want to send data at the same time. TCP Retransmission: When TCP sends a packet, it waits for an acknowledgment to confirm if the packets sent by the sender are received by the receiving party. When a node wants to transmit data, it just tries to put data onto the network. That is, there is no co-ordination or arbitration between nodes of the network. Ethernet functions on a collision / retry mode of operation.
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